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Blogs

  Player gender and race in video games
by Jake Shapiro on 02/26/12 11:29:00 am   Featured Blogs
26 comments Share on Twitter Share on Facebook RSS
 
 
The following blog was, unless otherwise noted, independently written by a member of Gamasutra's game development community. The thoughts and opinions expressed here are not necessarily those of Gamasutra or its parent company.

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[EDIT 2/27: For those of you asking, this is not an assertion based on research. It's simply my opinion based on empirical evidence I've found in my experience with other people playing games.]

When you play a video game that lets you create your character, what do they look like?

Overwhelmingly, people choose to make the avatar their own gender and race. Searching for the reason why, one's first natural instinct is to think players create avatars that look like them to immerse themselves in the game. But you'll give your guy chiseled abs and a sharp jawline even if you don't have them.

The argument becomes people create idealized versions of themselves. This holds more water, but I'm not sure it fully explains why players almost never stray from their own sex and ethnicity.

Players change many things that aren't "ideal" for them: they'll give their character a neon blue mohawk or a handlebar moustache, but they still stick to their race and sex. Even in fantasy games like The Elder Scrolls that offer non-human species like reptilian and feline humanoid races, most gamers I've talked to avoid these groups on their first playthrough.


But as my girlfriend points out to me, "Sex and race are the parts of us that we can't change. Even if you don't have a blue mohawk, it would be possible to grow one; you just don't want one in real life. So with your avatar you can create this more outrageous version of yourself. You could never actually turn yourself Asian, though, whether you wanted to or not, and it would be weird if the 'ideal, outrageous' version of yourself involved you being another ethnicity."

It's a good point. But I'm not convinced "outrageous idealism" and subconscious ethnocentrism are mutually exclusive. It's no coincidence main characters in games with non-customizable avatars are predominantly white males; white males make up the largest demographic of both gamers and game developers.

Yes, there are a smattering of games with female and non-white leads, but the video game industry runs on franchises. The Price of Persia series is arguably the only major franchise with a recurring non-white lead, and it's a whitewashed version of Iran. The biggest single game with a dark-skinned main character was Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, and naturally, it was a story of street gangs.
 
The only two major franchises with consistent female main characters are Tomb Raider and Metroid, and both of those series' sales are nowhere near the white male giants of MarioHaloThe Legend of Zelda, and Call of Duty. Imagine if at the end of Halo 3, Master Chief finally took off his helmet to reveal he's black or Arab. How do you think the Halo-playing populace would react?
 

But back to games with customizable avatars. If you're a white guy like me, next time you play Fallout, try being a hispanic woman. See if it changes the way you think about your character or the way you react to events in the game.

I believe that deep down, we choose the gender and ethnicity we're familiar with because it's exactly that--familiar. It's comfortable to us. Video games are a unique artform because they allow us to personally walk a mile in someone else's shoes. You love walking in a pro athlete's cleats and a space marine's boots. Now try walking in heels.
 
 
Comments

Stephen Chin
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I'll chime in as someone who predominately -doesn't- create avatars that look like fantasy me. For some context, I'm an Asian-American male of 5'4" who's a little scrawny. The typical avatar I create? Female of mixed race (basically - I don't really have race in mind but the features usually come out that way). And the reason I do so? I find that I am -more- immersed and connect -more- with my avatar by doing so. Note, I'm neither homosexual nor transgendered either. Among the reasons I do so comes from - in games that use gender, I typically align more with female responses than male, that no matter how I dress up a 6'2" 210 lb male model, that'll never be me no matter how Asian he looks, and I identify as American not Asian or Asian American.

Certainly, there's probably a part of me that also becomes un-immersed by watching a male character act and represent me - due to media (but also the topics studied/taught in school, etc), heroic figures are white male. So watching one on screen puts me in a "I'm watching a movie or TV show" mindset, I think. Seeing an Asian lead typically means it's an Asian film or has Asian influences or otherwise based on the fact that the lead is specifically Asian among non-Asians. Few films and media pieces avoid calling attention to that - Romeo Must Die is one of the few if only film I can think of where the specific race of the two leads isn't called attention. In fact, despite the fact that the entire cast is basically Asian or black and involved in organized crime, the movie's major point was more that the two families were at war and not that the romance was forbidden because of race. There are certainly other reasons and causes as well which is probably more appropriate for a blog post than a comment.

Overall, it comes down to the fact that if I want to accurate represent who I am, I have to create a character that looks nothing like myself. Certainly there are probably more personal and non-sinister reasons as well that have little if anything to do with race or gender. Being pretty comfortable with myself, I don't really feel a strong connection with appearances since internally I'm always 'me'.

Jake Shapiro
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Great point. And we're slowly getting better. Mirror's Edge has an Asian female protagonist where it doesn't define her character. But we've still got a long way to go.

You'd think games with customizable avatars like Skyrim or Mass Effect would be the Great Equalizer, representing all races and sexes. But take a gander at the promotional materials for both games, and the posters still always feature a white male Dragonborn and a white male Commander Shepard. It's sad.

Jamie Mann
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"I believe that deep down, we choose the gender and ethnicity we're familiar with because it's exactly that--familiar. It's comfortable to us."

Hmm. I have a friend who tends to pick female avatars for one simple reason (and I quote): "it's nicer to look at a girl's rear than a man's". How does that fit in with the above?

Humans are complex, and the reasons why they choose to identify with a given characterisation are equally complex. Personally, I'd tend to suggest the following are major factors:

1) "Familiarity" of the character's ethnicity and/or attitude
2) A desire to properly role play - i.e. taking on a role, rather than just playing with a character
3) Character stats - e.g. the Rogue class in Diablo was female
4) Visual aesthetics - as per my friend above

However, I'm sure there's many other elements involved, too...

Jake Shapiro
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I guess in terms of "visual aesthetics," there's nothing a developer can do about a male player picking a lady avatar so he can look at her rear. But devs so often exacerbate this with their depiction of the female body in games--that's a whole separate blog topic of its own!

k s
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Personally I usually chose male but sometimes female. Race usually doesn't cross my mind unless I'm playing an Elder Scrolls game and then I always play a dark elf (because I like dark elves). It's common for me to choose my avatar's race based on which preset looks the best, so sometimes that's White and sometimes that's Asian but oddly enough never black (just about every other ethnicity isn't present). The last customizable character I made was for Saints Row the Third and I made an Asian Chick.

Alex Leighton
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It's interesting to think about.. I definitely make characters as an idealized version of myself, although I used to have a female character in Amped 2, which I remember choosing because the female animations looked a lot better than the male ones. But how I ended up playing with a female character in the first place I don't remember.

Daniel Gooding
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I always assumed Men chose Male avatars on MMO's out of a masculinity thing.
Because for years, the only people that were on internet games were male, or assumed male.

So they chose male avatars to not be perceived as feminine, because they were uncomfortable with their sexuality.

On Single player games like Skyrim. It's the same thing, only it's more like. "what if my friends see me playing as a girl." Or "what if my parents see me playing as a girl."


I always assumed Women Chose the female avatar, because they usually get all the fancy looking gear.

Bisse Mayrakoira
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Hell no. Male characters usually get the fancy stuff - shiny giant swords, armor, iconic gear - and also clothes which fit and look sophisticated. Very often female characters get clothes much too small for them, torn T-shirts, chainmail bikinis, and "battle negligees" that are simultaneously ridiculous and unmemorable.

Roger Tober
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I just chose this kind of lizard like guy in Oblivion (I play older games). It was a guy and I'm a guy. I don't mind using a female avatar but it's a little weird unless the character is definitely not me, like tomb raider. That's not me. I'm just controlling her every move. Makes no sense at all, but I"m ok with it.

Bisse Mayrakoira
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Solid statistics comparing players and their female/male avatar choice in multiple types of games, and multiple sub-populations inside games, would be interesting. For instance: overall percentage of men choosing a male avatar and women choosing a male avatar in a MMO, then same percentages for the top 20% PVP players in that MMO, then same percentages for the top 20% PVE players in that MMO.

Speculation based on what a handful of people you meet doesn't go anywhere.

Lou Graziani
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I recently finished Arkham City, Playing as both Batman and Catwoman. Very different characters, neither of which were that much like me in their responses. Great game, though. I wonder what people would have played in a game like that if there had been customization options?

Its strange how you can sometimes relate to characters on NONcustomizable games. I LOVED Assassins creed 2 and I just happen to be an italian guy... Coincidence? Probably not.

Joe Cooper
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Was actual research done for this or are the assertions at the top of the article just things the author assumes are obvious?

I always treated character creation like an art project. My first Morrowind play-through I had an Imperial woman who I got turned into a vampire. On a latter play-through I made Link (as in from Zelda) using some archery kit that had a green tunic. On the Sims I always try to make complementary ensembles. I've seen my wife play many games and not put herself into them either.

I'm sure the asserted behaviors occur, I just haven't observed them and I don't think I'm -that- strange.

Jacob Germany
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That's exactly what I was wondering from sentence #2.

I know this is very, very often assumed by marketers, producers, and designers, but is it true? Is there any evidence, let alone convincing research, to show that it's the consumers who choose their own gender and ethnicity in games? Or might it be (much more likely in my opinion) that it is assumed to be true because consumers buy the games that are designed to be predominately "white" and "male"?

Are we to believe that if Grand Theft Auto 5 starred a female, that it wouldn't sell? Or that San Andreas' main character was a fluke? Or is it more likely the gamers want quality, and it's the people behind the games that keep pushing the white male images, not the buyers' demand.

Ted Brown
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Imagine a Call of Duty set in the Middle East, where a masked American protagonist faces his fundamentalist foe, and reveals himself to be Middle Eastern or North African in ethnic origin... would that shift racial perspectives of a significant percentage of COD players? Specifically those in a pre-dominantly white mid-west American community? Blockbuster games for change. Food for thought.

k s
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While I like this idea, I doubt it would really have any impact on the largely teenage demographic of CoD players.

Joshua Darlington
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Mass produced products and mass media are by nature alienating. Even white males can be alienated by the 1 size fits all top down entertainment targetted at them. This is why customization and crafting can be powerful tools to offer consumers. They can create a more meaningful entertainment experience that is more valuable because it fits their identity.

Eventually bottom up narrative will progress to a point where it can compliment and compete with top down narrative. Bottom up narrative offers a much more personal experience where users have more control over their identity trajectory.

Gerald Belman
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So your more feminist than your girlfirend? That's not a good sign.

Take it down a notch. Listen to your girlfriend.

asdf fdsa
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Idealised personalities bore me to hell, be that in RL as in psychology or in virtual environments.
I tend to see "character creations" as character creations. I love to create something new, challenging, that isn't me. Often that's the most appealing part to be someone that isn't me as in "holiday from myself". This can be very refreshing and enjoyable. But i believe the majority or players just want to recreate themselves and iron out their RL flaws. Pretty boring...

David Boudreau
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Jake, are you overlooking fighting games when you claim there aren't any more non-white male lead roles in modern games? Street Fighter has had Ryu, Ken (actually half Japanese, half American, incidentally) and all kinds of people represented from around the world. No matter where you go in the world, the base desire to beat the shit out of someone else is fairly universal. Although more modern incantations of fighting games tend to allow a lot more visual customization, you still essentially pick your character --however, you are forced to simultaneously select both his/her ethnicity/gender _as_well_as_ moveset and style.

I was formally introduced to a dolphin once along with a group of other humans. We were first asked to select our cross-species gesture. Everyone else besides me in the group, regardless of gender, opted for a kiss. I choose a handshake instead.

Jake Shapiro
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You're right, fighting games have more variety. But notice the two characters used most in Street Fighter's marketing, Ryu and Ken, and still both light-skinned burly men. Dhalsim's never gonna be the star of a SF marketing campaign.

Bisse Mayrakoira
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Jake, your are in full moving-the-goalposts mode with "light-skinned". Is Ryu white? No, he's Asian, he has Asian facial features and wears a Japanese white gi (note that in addition to the gi being a Japanese garment in the first place, SF keeps the gi colors consistent with the nationality of their wearer; non-Japanese gi-wearing characters wear American-style gi colors).

You seem to imply that Dhalsim isn't ever going to be the focus of a marketing campaign because he has dark skin or Indian ethnicity. (If you were implying something else, let me know what it was.) Wrong. He is not well-known compared to the likes of Ryu, Ken, Chun-Li and Dictator/M.Bison, and he is not a brand new character addition. There is no point in featuring him prominently in marketing.Let's take a look at box art which is a pretty big part of the marketing of console games.Soul Calibur III featured a new character Zasalamel, who is black. The game's box art is all about him with two returning characters, one Asian and one female, shown only faintly in the background. The game had two other new characters, both of Caucasian descent, who do not appear in the cover art.Virtua Fighter 5 box art? One Japanese, one Chinese, one Mexican.And back to the terrible racist developers at Capcom and their Super Street Fighter IV box art? Jamaican man (black), British man (black), Korean woman, Chinese woman, Thai man, Japanese man.

Bisse Mayrakoira
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Dunno what happened there. Gamasutra initially showed my paragraphs correctly, but after I edited the comment, all my whitespace was auto-removed and it cannot be edited back.

Jake Shapiro
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Bisse, you're completely right, and I apologize. Although this is turning into a completely different debate--my original blog post is about games with customizable avatars. And as we get into talking about Street Fighter, Japanese games are a totally different can of worms to open when it comes to their racial depictions.

Jacob Germany
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@Bisse You do realize that Dhalsim isn't well-known because the designers, producers, and marketers chose to not prominently display him, right? Not the reverse.

You seem to imply that he isn't a figure in marketing because he isn't well-known, but the SF characters could only become well-known by being prominently displayed, in and out of the game. Since he wasn't prominent throughout the long life of SF, it stands to conclude something about his character other than his being "not well-known" must be the cause. Since he was, in my opinion, pretty fun to play, I can't really think of a reason for his being so over-shadowed other than his ethnicity.

David Boudreau
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that's cuz it's WHITEspace! no need for more whitespace!! I also think that lightskinnedspace ought to be ok. Storm, the character of Xmen Vs. Street Fighter/Marvel Vs. games, is very much lightskinned (even comics writer Chris Claremont would tell you so). Ryu is fully Japanese, and any marketing material implying otherwise is likely coming directly out of Japanese art departments, for better or worse. He's been the flagship, moneymakin character for not only the megapopular/widely recognized Street Fighter franchise, but also for the entire company of Capcom itself (at one point at least, if not still now).

Mark Ludlow
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I'm male, and generally I will make a female, mixed race character when given a choice. It's mostly because I see the avatar as not me, but a partner I am working with to overcome the challenges of the game. Of course, the character usually turns out to be a visualisation of the ideal partner for me, but I also tend to come up with backstories and personalities for my characters so their look will vary.

That's not to say I don't create male characters, but most often, the choices I have don't fit with my aesthetics. I'm not really one for beefcake, grizzled, bald space marines.


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